Ancient Egypt began using arithmetic, algebra, and geometry shortly after 3000 BC, following the Mesopotamian states.
Notes on verification
Matches well-known Wikipedia summary and is corroborated by multiple independent sources on the general timeline, though the precise sequencing (Mesopotamia strictly preceding Egypt) and inclusion of Assyria as an already-formed state by 3000 BC are debated among historians.
Sources
- History of mathematics (en.wikipedia.org)
- https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/HistTopics/Egyptian_mathematics/ (mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk)
- https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/mathematics/egyptian-mathematics (ebsco.com)
- https://www.storyofmathematics.com/sumerian.html/ (storyofmathematics.com)