ScienceAncient (c. 287–212 BC)Greece (Syracuse, Sicily)low confidence

Archimedes used methods involving infinitesimals to calculate areas and volumes long before the formal development of calculus.

Notes on verification

Confirmed by multiple independent, reputable sources including Britannica and Wikipedia articles on 'The Method of Mechanical Theorems' and Archimedes' use of infinitesimals. Well-corroborated historical and mathematical consensus.

Sources