HistoryAncient (c. 3000 BCE)Mesopotamia, Egypt, Levant (Ebla)low confidence

Early mathematics in ancient Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Ebla was used in astronomy to record time and formulate calendars.

Notes on verification

Well-supported by Wikipedia and mirrored sources for Mesopotamia and Egypt's use of math in astronomy/calendars; Ebla's specific astronomical use is less directly documented but plausible given its mathematical tablets and status as a major Bronze Age civilization.

Sources