History20th centuryMiddle Easthigh confidence

In 1964, CIA analyst Peter Naffsinger wrote an article titled "'Face' among the Arabs" for the Agency's in-house journal Studies in Intelligence.

Notes on verification

Confirmed by CIA's own declassified document archive, a peer-reviewed academic citation, and the CIA's 50th-anniversary retrospective of Studies in Intelligence. All claim details align across primary and secondary sources.

Sources