The AMOC has been continually monitored in one form or another only since 2004.
Notes on verification
Confirmed by multiple peer-reviewed sources (Nature Communications, McCarthy et al. 2015, Copernicus Ocean Science) and the official RAPID program, plus corroborating journalism (CNN). Well-established scientific consensus that continuous direct AMOC monitoring began with the RAPID array in 2004.
Sources
- Is the Atlantic Ocean's great conveyer belt really slowing ... (nationalgeographic.com)
- https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-39810-w (nature.com)
- https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/docs/McCarthy_etal_ProgOcean_2015.pdf (aoml.noaa.gov)
- https://os.copernicus.org/articles/10/29/2014/ (os.copernicus.org)
- https://www.cnn.com/2026/04/16/climate/atlantic-ocean-circulation-collapse-update (cnn.com)
- https://rapid.ac.uk/ (rapid.ac.uk)