The humphead wrasse is also called the Napoleon wrasse because the bump on its head resembles the two-pointed hat worn by French Emperor Napoleon.
Notes on verification
Widely repeated folk-etymology across multiple independent aquarium, dive, and conservation sources, but it's an informal naming origin not backed by a definitive linguistic/historical authority; some minor variation in framing exists (e.g., Hakai Magazine's 'forelock' explanation).
Sources
- Humphead Wrasses | MarineBio (marinebio.org)
- https://www.oceanografic.org/en/especie/pez-napoleon/ (oceanografic.org)
- https://www.originaldiving.com/blog/top-ten-bumphead-wrasse-facts (originaldiving.com)
- https://ncw.gov.sa/magazine/en/article/napoleon-wrasse-a-majestic-fish-on-the-brink-of-survival/ (ncw.gov.sa)
- https://dwazoo.com/animal/napoleon-wrasse/ (dwazoo.com)
- https://scubadore-hurghada.com/the-napoleon-wrasse-gentle-giant-of-the-hurghada-reefs/ (scubadore-hurghada.com)
- https://www.animalspot.net/humphead-wrasse.html (animalspot.net)
- https://hakaimagazine.com/news/hong-kongs-napoleon-wrasse-complex/ (hakaimagazine.com)