The Levantine state of Ebla began using arithmetic, algebra, and geometry around the same early period as ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia.
Notes on verification
Wikipedia's History of mathematics article makes this claim, and independent evidence confirms Ebla produced mathematical tablets using sexagesimal notation dated c. 2350-2250 BCE. However, this is a few centuries later than Mesopotamia's earliest mathematical activity (c. 3000 BCE), making 'around the same early period' an approximation rather than exact simultaneity.
Sources
- History of mathematics (en.wikipedia.org)
- https://cojs.org/mathematical_tablet_from_ebla-_c-2350-2250_bce/ (cojs.org)
- https://www.academia.edu/122627188/Numeracy_in_early_Syro_Mesopotamia_a_study_of_accounting_practices_from_F%C4%81ra_to_Ebla (academia.edu)
- https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00407-013-0122-4 (link.springer.com)
- https://dokumen.pub/mathematics-in-ancient-iraq-a-social-history-9780691201405.html (dokumen.pub)
- https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-73396-8_2 (link.springer.com)