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- Octopuses have three hearts and blue blood; two hearts pump blood to the gills while the third pumps it to the rest of the body.
- Wombat feces are cube-shaped, with researchers confirming this results from the unique elasticity of their intestines, not diet—helping mark territory without rolling away.
- Ovis longipes palaeoaegyptiacus had unique, loosely spiraling horns that came out of the sides of the skull.
- Quantum mechanics concepts and methods have been applied to quantum biology.
- The Greenland shark has the longest known lifespan of any vertebrate, living up to 400 years, with sexual maturity not reached until around 150 years of age.
- Octopuses have three hearts: two pump blood to the gills, while the third pumps it to the rest of the body. The heart pumping to the body stops beating when the octopus swims.
- Tardigrades can survive in the vacuum of space, withstand pressures six times greater than the deepest ocean trenches, and endure radiation doses 1,000 times what would kill a human.
- The behaviors modeled by quantum mechanics have been described as counterintuitive.
- Tardigrades can survive in outer space, withstand pressures six times greater than the deepest ocean trenches, and live without food or water for more than 30 years.
- A related ancient Egyptian sheep form called Ovis platyura aegyptiaca had horns that developed downward and curled forward.
- Towards the end of the 19th century, scientists discovered phenomena in both the macro and micro worlds that classical physics could not explain.
- Mammoths still walked the Earth when the pyramids were built—woolly mammoths survived on Wrangel Island until ~2000 BCE, 500 years after Giza's construction.
- The wood frog can survive being frozen solid during winter, with up to 70% of its body water turning to ice, then thaw and resume normal activity.
- Ancient Egyptian coffins were believed to act as a portal between the worlds of the living and the dead.
- Campbell Island is located in the Southern Ocean approximately 600 kilometers south of New Zealand.
- Ancient Egyptians domesticated corkscrew-horned sheep and depicted them on stone tomb murals of pharaohs.
- The mantis shrimp can punch with the acceleration of a .22 caliber bullet, creating cavitation bubbles that reach 4,700°C—nearly as hot as the sun's surface.
- Classical physics explains matter and energy on scales familiar to human experience, including the behavior of astronomical bodies such as the Moon.
- The Pirahã people of the Amazon have no words for specific numbers, colors, or perfect tenses, and their language contains no recursion—challenging Chomsky's theory of universal grammar.
- Ancient Egyptians believed coffins could transform the deceased, not just contain them.
- The largest known structure in the universe is the Hercules-Corona Borealis Great Wall, a galactic filament spanning roughly 10 billion light-years.
- Ovis longipes palaeoaegyptiacus was one of the two most commonly domesticated sheep depicted on the reliefs of early pharaonic tombs.
- Campbell Island is a subantarctic island.
- Before the marine chronometer, celestial navigation made it difficult for ships to keep accurate track of their position.
- There are more stars in the observable universe than grains of sand on all of Earth's beaches—estimated at 10^24 stars versus roughly 10^18 to 10^19 grains.
- Saturn's moon Titan has lakes and rivers of liquid methane and ethane, making it the only body in our solar system besides Earth with stable surface liquids.
- Ancient Roman concrete, used in structures like the Pantheon, is stronger than modern concrete and becomes more durable over time through chemical reactions with seawater.
- Central American cultures showed astronomical interest in early history.
- Honey never spoils; archaeologists have found 3,000-year-old honey in Egyptian tombs that was still perfectly edible.
- Early Chinese cultures showed astronomical interest, as evidenced by historical records.