NASA launched five nearly identical, van-size Lunar Orbiter satellites in 1966 and 1967 to map the Moon and identify safe Apollo landing sites.

NASA's SNAP-10A, launched in 1965, was the only nuclear reactor the United States had previously deployed in space before current lunar plans.

Apollo lunar-module astronauts stood side by side only 16 inches apart, viewing the lunar surface through two two-square-foot windows.

Apollo 8 was the first successful crewed mission to orbit the moon and return to Earth.

The Age of Discovery is sometimes synonymous with the first wave of European colonization.

About 30 hours after launch, Apollo 7 rendezvoused with its spent Saturn IB second stage, coming within 70 feet of the tumbling rocket.

Astronomy was the first natural science to reach a high level of sophistication and predictive ability, which it achieved in the second half of the 1st millennium BCE.

During Apollo 7, astronaut Donn Eisele's sextant star sightings were sometimes obscured by flurries of vented, frozen urine crystals.

George Mueller's 'all-up' testing philosophy meant the Saturn V's first flight used all three live stages and a live Apollo command and service module, rather than testing stages incrementally with ballast.

Anthropic launched an AI tool whose agents can autonomously operate microscopes, lasers, and robotic arms, which the company described as its first tool designed for the physical world.

Apollo 7 made the first live television broadcast from an American spacecraft, during which the crew displayed hand-lettered cue cards reading 'From the Lovely Apollo Room High Atop Everything' and 'Keep Those Cards and Letters Coming In, Folks.'

The Apollo guidance computers carried the first digital autopilots flown on crewed spacecraft.

Multiple countries sent scientific expeditions around the world to observe the 1874 transit of Venus.

Film director James Cameron made a solo descent to Challenger Deep in 2012.

Apollo astronauts had to perform some return maneuvers while their spacecraft was behind the moon and outside communications range with Earth.

Lunar Orbiter 3 photographed the Moon from February 15 to 23, 1967, and confirmed safe landing sites for the Apollo program.

North European cultures showed astronomical interest in early history.

Astrobiology as a discipline is founded on the premise that life may exist beyond Earth.

Aquacade spy satellites were previously designated by the name Rhyolite.

The Apollo Lunar Surface Journal was first published online by Eric M. Jones in mid-1995.

NASA's SNAP-10A satellite operated for 43 days before stopping.

The Baltic Sea anomaly was discovered while the OceanX team was treasure hunting on the floor of the northern Baltic Sea.

Apollo 11 landed 4.2 miles from its intended target, the farthest off-target landing of the Apollo lunar missions.

Astrobiology studies the origins, early evolution, distribution, and future of life in the universe.

ADRON-RM is part of the science payload aboard the European Space Agency's Rosalind Franklin rover.

Apollo 7's crew—Wally Schirra, Donn Eisele, and Walt Cunningham—reentered Earth's atmosphere without wearing helmets, despite Mission Control's warnings about cabin leaks, rapid depressurization, and landing impacts.

Apollo 7's Service Propulsion System engine, rated at 20,500 pounds of thrust, fired eight times as planned during the mission.

On December 11, 1972, Apollo 17 commander Gene Cernan manually took control of the lunar module Challenger's landing at 300 feet by selecting computer program P-66, refusing to let the digital autopilot complete the landing.

The Lunar Orbiters developed their film in space using Kodak's BIMAT transfer-processing system, a technology that remained classified by the Central Intelligence Agency until 2001.

The 1874 transit of Venus expeditions were designed to obtain an accurate estimate of the astronomical unit (AU), the distance from Earth to the Sun, by measuring solar parallax.