Science
1160 verified facts in this category, showing 501–600.
- To test radiocarbon dating, Willard Libby borrowed objects with verified ages from museums, including a sandal found in an Oregon cave.
- The weight of glaciers depresses Earth's crust.
- A transient thermal maximum occurred near the Paleocene-Eocene boundary about 56 million years ago and was associated with a rapid increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, possibly caused by massive outgassing and oxidation of methane hydrates from the ocean floor.
- The Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles of the last glacial period represent alternation between two climate states, with rapid transitions from one state to the other.
- During the Younger Dryas, an abrupt shutdown of thermohaline circulation in the North Atlantic was associated with an influx of large volumes of freshwater from melting glaciers.
- The Younger Dryas event occurred from 12,900 to 11,600 years ago and produced estimated cooling of 4–8 °C (7.2–14.4 °F) in northern Europe and eastern North America.
- Evidence of advancing continental ice sheets during the Younger Dryas has been reported from the Scandinavian Ice Sheet, Laurentide Ice Sheet, Cordilleran Ice Sheet, and Siberian Ice Sheet.
- The La Niña following the unusually strong 1997/98 El Niño lasted 33 months and spanned three winters.
- April 2016 was the 12th consecutive month to set a record as the warmest such month on record.
- A separate study using climate models and a century of ocean surface-temperature data concluded that AMOC weakening began in the mid-20th century and resulted from human-induced climate warming.
- Palaeo-oceanographic evidence from sediment cores indicates that Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) has been anomalously weak over the past 150 years or so, since the end of the Little Ice Age around AD 1850.
- Researchers used fossil foraminifera species in sediment cores as indicators of past ocean temperatures, since some species prefer warm water while others favor cooler conditions.
- Researchers reconstructed past AMOC strength by measuring sediment-grain sizes in ocean-floor cores, since stronger currents can transport larger sediment grains.
- The North Atlantic cold blob can disturb the atmospheric jet stream and storm activity, with implications for extreme weather events in North America and Europe.
- The Greenland Ice Sheet, the largest mass of ice in the Northern Hemisphere, is losing about 267 billion tons of ice per year.
- Temperature data for the sea just south of Greenland dates back to 1870.
- The AMOC has been continually monitored in one form or another only since 2004.
- Satellite data showed that California coastal winds weakened during the Pacific Blob enough to prevent cold upwelling water from breaking through the unusually warm surface water.
- Chelle Gentemann compared the Pacific Blob with sea-surface-temperature records dating back to 1910 and found its magnitude and duration were unprecedented in that historical record.
- According to NOAA, ocean pH has fallen by 0.1 units over the past 200 years, making ocean waters 30 percent more acidic.
- Film director James Cameron made a solo descent to Challenger Deep in 2012.
- At the lunar south pole, nighttime can last for 14 Earth days.
- Evidence suggests that life on Earth emerged prior to 3.7 billion years ago.
- Dental microwear analysis has been used to investigate weaning practices in past human populations.
- Dental microwear analysis can be used to infer non-masticatory behaviors, such as the use of teeth as tools.
- The current field of conservation paleobiology was established by the work of K.W. Flessa and G.P. Dietl during the first decade of the 21st century.
- Primordial gravitational waves are predicted by 'slow roll' models of cosmic inflation.
- Because most Standard Model particles are absorbed in the dump, beam dump experiments are also suitable for studying weakly interacting particles like neutrinos.
- The entropy of a gas is an example of an adiabatic invariant.
- The first observation of above-threshold ionization was made using xenon gas.
- Above-threshold ionization (ATI) is a multi-photon effect in which an atom is ionized by absorbing more than the minimum number of photons energetically required for ionization.
- Cenograms have become common in the study of prehistoric fauna of the northern hemisphere.
- A cenogram is a graphical comparison of the average adult weight of mammalian species within a terrestrial area.
- Georges Cuvier demonstrated evidence for the concept of extinction in 1796.
- Reported ball lightning sizes vary from pea-sized to several meters in diameter.
- The lightning hypothesis for ashen light has fallen out of favor because lightning does not generate enough light to be observed as ashen light.
- A more recent hypothesis proposes that Venus's ashen light is a form of transient aurorae or airglow.
- The lightning-based explanation for Venus's ashen light has fallen out of favor because the lightning does not generate enough light to be observed.
- There is some evidence of lightning occurring on Venus.
- The phenomenon of ashen light on Venus has not been scientifically confirmed.
- One modern hypothesis links Venus's ashen light to lightning activity on the planet.
- Proposed explanations for Venus's ashen light include emission of light by Venus itself and optical phenomena occurring within the observing telescope.
- The number 1729 is known as the Hardy–Ramanujan number because it is the smallest number expressible as the sum of two cubes in two different ways.
- The number 1729 is known as the Hardy–Ramanujan number due to a famous anecdote involving mathematicians G. H. Hardy and Srinivasa Ramanujan.
- Within the Mathematics Subject Classification, subsection 01A67 is titled 'Future prospectives'.
- In the first half of the 1st millennium BC, Italy's climate was more humid and cool than it is today.
- During the first half of the 1st millennium BC, the presently arid southern regions of Italy received more precipitation than they do now.
- Aspect's experiment offered an experimental answer to the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox.
- Aspect's experiment was the first quantum mechanics experiment to demonstrate the violation of Bell's inequalities with photons using distant detectors.
- Antiprotons at CERN's Antiproton Decelerator are created by impinging a proton beam from the Proton Synchrotron on an iridium target.
- In the Afshar experiment, a lens refocuses light so that the image of each pinhole falls on a separate single-photon detector.
- ANNIE uses early prototypes of Large Area Picosecond Photodetectors (LAPPDs) to achieve high precision timing.
- Neutron tagging plays an important role in background rejection from atmospheric neutrinos in the ANNIE experiment.
- ANNIE studies phenomena like proton decay and neutrino oscillations by analyzing neutrino interactions in gadolinium-loaded water and measuring their neutron yield.
- The Alais meteorite contains water.
- The Alais meteorite contains a number of elements in proportions similar to those of the primordial Solar System.
- The Alais meteorite (also spelled Allais) is the first carbonaceous chondrite meteorite identified.
- The transition from non-life to life has never been observed experimentally.
- The Cambridge Digital Library holds a collection of papers relating to the 1874 Transit of Venus Expedition to Hawaii.
- The 1874 transit of Venus expeditions were designed to obtain an accurate estimate of the astronomical unit (AU), the distance from Earth to the Sun, by measuring solar parallax.
- Quantum mechanics concepts and methods have been applied to quantum biology.
- In q-calculus, the original mathematical object is recovered by taking the limit as the parameter q tends to 1 of the q-analog.
- In quantum mechanics, values of physical observables such as energy and momentum are treated as eigenvalues rather than as values of functions on phase space.
- Mathematical formalisms for quantum mechanics are distinguished from pre-1900s physics theories by the use of abstract mathematical structures such as infinite-dimensional Hilbert spaces.
- The Toumaï fossil was found in fossil-bearing beds where shifting sand dunes had exposed thousands of fossils, including crocodiles and elephants.
- NASA's Perseverance rover captured images of multiple dust devils while exploring the rim of Jezero Crater, the largest of which was approximately 210 feet (65 meters) wide.
- Stefanie Semper conducted the first analysis of the original Iceland Faroe Slope Jet data in 2019, and at her institute the current is still informally called 'Stefanie's Current.'
- The German expression associated with the phrase 'not even wrong' is 'Das ist nicht nur nicht richtig; es ist nicht einmal falsch!'
- Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar-derived displacement measurements of the southern San Andreas Fault slip event agreed well with both creepmeter measurements and field mapping of surface offsets.
- Tilefish from the Atlantic Ocean averaged 0.14 micrograms of mercury per gram and was classified as a 'Good choice.'
- Dean Blumberg, MD, of UC Davis Health, said COVID-19's mortality rate is now approaching that of influenza, whereas earlier in the pandemic it was four to five times higher than influenza's mortality rate.
- The study found that research combining AI and HPC is more likely to introduce novel ideas and achieve top-cited status than research using AI or HPC in isolation, or conventional research using neither.
- An avian influenza H5N1 virus was first isolated from a farmed goose in China in 1996.
- In 1936, Burnet discovered that influenza virus can be grown in embryonated hens' eggs.
- Smith, Andrewes, and Laidlaw isolated the influenza A virus in ferrets in 1933.
- In the 2022 Italian HBSC survey, less than 30% of girls aged 13 and older perceived their own health as excellent.
- Endometriosis affects an estimated 10% of reproductive age women worldwide.
- The Muon g-2 experiment at Fermilab measured the muon's magnetic moment with a precision better than 0.5 parts per million, with results made public in early April 2021.
- No artifacts were found with the skull bones at Tam Pa Ling Cave.
- The Tam Pa Ling skull is small and belonged to a young adult at least 18 years old.
- Laura Shackelford stated that the Tam Pa Ling skull shows no evidence that the individual's ancestors interbred with Homo erectus.
- The total French metropolitan leveling network spans approximately 300,000 km and includes approximately 330,000 markers in good condition.
- The origin of the NGF/IGN69 altitude system for metropolitan France was established from tide-gauge observations made at the Marseille Tide Gauge (Marégraphe de Marseille) between February 1, 1885 and January 1, 1897.
- The altitude of Mont Blanc was measured at 4,805.59 meters by geometer-experts of Haute-Savoie in autumn 2023.
- The first effective chemotherapies were developed in the 1940s.
- The Milky Way contains a supermassive black hole about four million times the mass of the Sun.
- In 2020, JAXA's Hayabusa2 mission returned to Earth with a sample from the C-type asteroid Ryugu.
- More than 8,000 name suggestions for the newly discovered chiton were submitted through social media during a public naming campaign.
- China approved its first domestically designed depression drug for sale in November 2022.
- The JAMA Neurology study found that both sleeping six hours or less and sleeping nine hours or more per night were associated with more depressive symptoms and more napping compared to sleeping seven or eight hours per night.
- The JAMA Neurology study found that both sleeping six hours or less and sleeping nine hours or more per night were associated with higher body mass index compared to sleeping seven or eight hours per night.
- The JAMA Neurology study found that sleeping six hours or less per night was associated with impaired cognition, especially memory.
- In the meta-analysis, every additional 48 grams of whole grains consumed per day was associated with reductions in body weight, waist circumference, total cholesterol, and interleukin-6 (IL-6).
- The meta-analysis found the greatest benefits for most outcomes occurred at approximately 60–100 grams of whole grains per day by dry weight, equivalent to about 4–6 servings.
- The meta-analysis found cardiovascular benefits began at around 3 servings of whole grains per day, equivalent to one bowl of oatmeal and two slices of whole-wheat bread.
- Little Foot is an australopithecine, classified as different from Lucy's species, Australopithecus afarensis.
- Missing birth-control pills can cause headaches or migraines due to lower estrogen levels, especially when pills are missed at the beginning of a new pack or before the period.
- People taking the minipill should not experience headaches or migraines from missed pills related to estrogen withdrawal, since the minipill contains no estrogen.
- If a minipill is taken more than 3 hours late, or any number of minipills are missed, backup birth control is needed for 2 days.
- The neutrino was first experimentally detected in 1956.